Upper body posture in Latin American dancers: a quantitative cross-sectional study comparing different postures

Wanke, Eileen M.; Mörl-Kreitschmann, Manja; Holzgreve, Fabian; Groneberg, David; Ohlendorf, Daniela

doi:10.1186/s13102-023-00672-w

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Table 2 Comparison of the postures

From: Upper body posture in Latin American dancers: a quantitative cross-sectional study comparing different postures

		Position 1		Position 2		Position 3		Position 4		Position 5
		Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Spine parameter
Trunk length D (mm)	Median	492.58^c	439.17^c	490.90^c	436.76^c	485.01^c	427.16^c	491.92^c	439.96^c	475.34^c	429.70^c
	1st quartile	472.33	431.78	475.78	431.19	466.06	422.51	473.32	434.41	458.14	421.12
	3rd quartile	500.24	449.82	499.74	445.35	490.82	439.11	496.23	450.49	486.02	441.99
Trunk length S (mm)	Median	523.41^c	472.90^c	524.32^c	468.53^c	516.20^c	459.78^c	524.44^c	473.00^c	507.76^c	463.91^c
	1st quartile	507.89	465.32	510.25	462.24	503.85	455.05	507.98	465.81	484.17	454.89
	3rd quartile	538.81	483.64	538.46	484.64	529.05	473.33	537.60	487.51	522.86	477.60
Sagittal trunkdecline (°)	Median	− 2.48	− 2.08	− 2.59	− 2.36	− 0.69	0.41	− 2.56	− 2.06	− 2.69	− 0.97
	1st quartile	− 3.53	− 2.78	− 3.46	− 3.10	− 1.23	− 0.87	− 3.81	− 3.47	− 4.52	− 3.74
	3rd quartile	− 1.34	− 0.99	− 1.14	− 0.93	1.05	1.42	− 1.62	− 0.71	− 1.53	1.28
Frontal trunk decline (°)	Median	− 0.41	− 0.58	− 0.26	− 0.43	− 0.26	− 0.60	− 0.30	− 0.28	− 2.27^c	2.97^c
	1st quartile	− 0.69	− 0.89	− 0.91	− 0.98	− 0.91	− 0.95	− 0.82	− 0.90	− 3.36	0.17
	3rd quartile	0.54	0.24	0.54	0.16	0.39	0.30	0.63	0.17	− 1.09	3.81
Axis decline (°)	Median	− 1.06	− 0.61	− 0.77	− 0.54	− 1.48	− 0.42	− 1.21	− 0.54	− 0.61^c	4.98^c
	1st quartile	− 1.68	− 1.49	− 1.98	− 1.30	− 2.16	− 1.36	− 2.17	− 1.61	− 2.22	2.77
	3rd quartile	− 0.24	0.19	− 0.13	0.39	− 0.28	0.74	− 0.41	0.47	2.47	7.06
Thoracic bending angle (°)	Median	12.64^a	9.92^a	12.26	10.30	10.47	9.43	12.99	10.89	10.98	9.91
	1st quartile	9.92	8.22	11.47	6.99	9.74	5.51	10.21	8.35	8.95	6.59
	3rd quartile	14.77	12.65	16.65	14.14	11.77	14.85	13.89	13.41	12.86	12.40
Lumbar bending angle (°)	Median	8.25^c	12.03^c	6.60^b	10.72^b	7.73^b	10.48^b	8.25^b	10.70^b	7.06^c	11.81^c
	1st quartile	6.79	9.82	5.72	8.31	6.71	8.58	6.14	9.47	5.28	9.37
	3rd quartile	11.33	14.38	10.45	12.51	10.99	12.93	10.63	14.33	9.28	13.75
Standard deviation lateral deviation (°)	Median	3.58	3.58	4.46	4.48	3.61	4.21	4.26	4.10	8.61	7.80
	1st quartile	2.69	2.04	3.70	2.97	2.84	2.85	2.64	2.64	6.77	5.22
	3rd quartile	5.33	5.39	5.34	5.54	5.50	5.43	5.58	6.58	10.00	9.74
Standard deviation rotation (°)	Median	3.83	3.57	3.25	3.36	3.22	3.16	3.77	3.62	21.49^c	10.26^c
	1st quartile	2.08	2.47	2.73	2.42	2.12	2.66	2.26	2.45	17.26	8.30
	3rd quartile	4.66	4.95	5.66	4.53	4.17	3.82	5.77	4.43	27.76	12.70
Kyphosis angle (°)	Median	44.30	42.08	39.13	44.08	35.53	33.82	40.73	40.72	34.69^a	43.07^a
	1st quartile	36.82	33.26	32.20	34.19	29.93	27.71	36.23	32.10	31.80	33.06
	3rd quartile	47.81	55.69	44.84	49.13	43.01	40.64	48.63	47.72	40.90	47.07
Lordosis angle (°)	Median	30.87^c	42.47^c	28.61^c	44.79^c	32.19^b	41.23^b	31.26^c	40.35^c	31.34^c	44.31^c
	1st quartile	23.69	38.28	25.68	38.23	26.78	31.90	24.65	35.32	27.17	38.86
	3rd quartile	37.15	59.98	37.97	56.71	40.31	52.99	34.87	52.56	39.89	52.17
Shoulder parameter
Scapular distance (mm)	Median	190.26^c	161.71^c	179.51^c	157.88^c	210.34^c	179.11^c	190.30^c	165.77^c	196.55^c	168.31^c
	1st quartile	178.43	152.44	172.03	146.75	198.23	169.75	175.53	152.61	177.38	162.76
	3rd quartile	200.10	173.71	202.03	167.87	224.74	189.75	196.12	173.74	215.90	176.99
Scapular height (mm)	Median	1.59	0.33	3.81	1.01	2.84	1.03	2.78	0.03	6.88	3.26
	1st quartile	− 1.92	− 3.17	− 3.42	− 2.44	− 0.36	− 2.50	− 0.82	− 2.37	0.65	1.14
	3rd quartile	8.26	5.72	7.82	5.36	6.17	4.29	7.19	5.59	9.90	7.47
Scapular rotation (°)	Median	2.35	2.41	2.72	3.35	0.84	2.40	3.02	2.01	19.60^c	− 4.12^c−
	1st quartile	0.81	0.61	− 1.10	− 0.89	− 0.33	0.61	0.92	0.68	13.24	10.06
	3rd quartile	4.98	4.66	4.02	4.86	2.57	3.80	5.54	4.00	23.68	− 1.00
Right scapular angle (°)	Median	30.93	27.99	22.42	21.87	12.59	23.96	31.31	27.36	26.90	31.17
	1st quartile	28.42	24.79	20.33	15.16	6.85	13.07	29.62	21.63	20.25	23.90
	3rd quartile	32.05	32.48	27.40	27.07	15.52	39.88	32.79	34.97	32.59	34.81
Left scapular angle (°)	Median	30.27^b	28.97^b	22.91	20.72	22.56	24.39	29.44	29.36	32.23^c	23.82^c
	1st quartile	28.42	22.33	18.73	17.27	12.34	19.92	26.94	25.09	24.82	16.99
	3rd quartile	35.70	30.29	25.26	26.74	43.61	29.39	35.27	33.86	41.43	27.50
Pelvis parameter
Pelvic distance (mm)	Median	87.98	82.27	87.05	82.06	88.37	81.96	87.29	81.58	86.71	81.50
	1st quartile	79.58	75.78	77.93	75.68	78.20	75.55	78.30	75.43	79.56	76.18
	3rd quartile	93.85	88.56	94.47	88.30	94.94	88.21	95.25	88.94	97.95	88.69
Pelvic height (°)	Median	− 0.75	− 0.21	− 0.54	− 0.17	− 0.75	− 0.20	− 0.67	− 0.10	3.81	3.31
	1st quartile	− 1.86	− 0.84	− 1.81	− 0.98	− 2.15	− 0.88	− 1.94	− 1.08	0.17	0.89
	3rd quartile	0.22	0.76	0.24	0.77	0.23	1.28	− 0.03	0.55	6.17	6.50
Pelvic torsion (°)	Median	0.91	0.43	0.08	− 0.21	1.20	0.12	1.58	0.00	3.17	4.01
	1st quartile	− 1.01	− 2.36	− 0.65	− 2.50	− 0.23	− 2.05	− 1.35	− 2.92	− 0.78	1.61
	3rd quartile	2.78	2.61	3.18	2.33	2.38	2.25	3.52	2.02	8.54	6.52
Pelvic rotation (°)	Median	0.25	0.97	0.32	0.54	0.10	0.46	1.29−	0.77	16.59^c	4.94^c
	1st quartile	− 1.48	− 2.25	− 1.47	− 1.52	− 2.76	0.99	0.92	− 2.06	12.52	0.72
	3rd quartile	3.03	2.38	2.59	2.33	2.32	2.31	4.16	2.35	20.69	13.92

A presentation of the p-values of the Friedman test per sex and the p-values of the Conover-Iman test (including Bonferroni-Holm correction), as well as the p-values belonging to both postures
Significant differences between the men and women per posture are marked as follows: a (p = 0.05), ^b(p = 0.01), ^c(p = 0.001)

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