Comparative effectiveness of 10-week equipment-based pilates and diaphragmatic breathing exercise on heart rate variability and pulmonary function in young adult healthy women with normal BMI – a quasi-experimental study

Adıgüzel, Songül; Aras, Dicle; Gülü, Mehmet; Aldhahi, Monira I.; Alqahtani, Abdulfattah S.; AL-Mhanna, Sameer Badri

doi:10.1186/s13102-023-00693-5

BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

Table 4 The pre- and post-test results and changes of respiratory parameters

From: Comparative effectiveness of 10-week equipment-based pilates and diaphragmatic breathing exercise on heart rate variability and pulmonary function in young adult healthy women with normal BMI – a quasi-experimental study

		PG	PBG	BG	CG	P-value
FVC	Pre-test	3.81 ± 0.13	4.0 ± 0.14	4.0 ± 0.39	3.8 ± 0.14	0.84
	Post-test	4.16 ± 0.28	4.4 ± 0.10	4.3 ± 0.10	3.8 ± 0.18	0.18
	*P-value*	0.18	0.01*	0.26	0.96
	%	9.19	10.0	7.50	0
FEV ₁	Pre-test	3.21 ± 0.93	3.4 ± 0.78	3.1 ± 0.23	3.3 ± 0.12	0.56
	Post-test	3.28 ± 0.10	3.6 ± 0.06	3.2 ± 0.21	3.2 ± 0.13	0.11
	*P-value*	0.42	0.01**	0.76	0.02*
	%	2.18	5.88	3.23	-3.03
FEV ₁ /FVC	Pre-test	84.5 ± 2.09	84.9 ± 2.55	81.7 ± 3.6	87.5 ± 1.7	0.48
	Post-test	81.3 ± 4.3	82.4 ± 1.85	73.5 ± 3.0	85.0 ± 3.4	0.10
	*P-value*	0.44	0.47	0.24	0.40
	%	-3.79	-2.94	-10.04	-2.86
VC	Pre-test	4.0 ± 0.18	4.1 ± 0.29	3.9 ± 0.30	3.8 ± 0.18	0.84
	Post-test	4.2 ± 0.13	4.7 ± 0.12	4.0 ± 0.26	3.8 ± 0.19	0.01*
	*P-value*	0.02*	0.03*	0.30	0.92
	%	5.0	14.63	2.56	0
FEV ₁ /VC	Pre-test	81.4 ± 10.47	85.8 ± 17.13	81.7 ± 16.68	88.9 ± 7.70	0.38
	Post-test	77.8 ± 7.24	77.09 ± 4.14	80.02 ± 11.34	86.2 ± 8.06	0.11
	*P-value*	0.16	0.13	0.50	0.79
	%	-4.42	-10.05	-2.06	-3.04
PEF	Pre-test	6.8 ± 0.60	6.18 ± 0.56	5.4 ± 0.31	7.1 ± 0.55	0.13
	Post-test	7.3 ± 0.36	7.42 ± 0.30	5.9 ± 0.28	6.5 ± 0.41	0.01*
	*P-value*	0.26	0.78	0.01*	0.02*
	%	7.35	20.6	9.26	-8.45
IC	Pre-test	2.4 ± 0.23	2.4 ± 0.32	2.5 ± 0.16	2.1 ± 0.20	0.22
	Post-test	2.6 ± 0.21	3.1 ± 0.12	2.6 ± 0.12	2.3 ± 0.14	0.02*
	*P-value*	0.20	0.00**	0.07	0.95
	%	8.33	29.17	4.31	9.52
ERV	Pre-test	1.45 ± 0.12	1.65 ± 0.38	1.30 ± 0.14	1.61 ± 0.17	0.62
	Post-test	1.70 ± 0.08	1.93 ± 0.04	1.51 ± 0.10	1.59 ± 0.17	0.10
	*P-value*	0.08	0.13	0.01*	0.13
	%	17.24	16.97	16.15	-1.24
TV	Pre-test	0.81 ± 0.11	0.93 ± 0.12	0.74 ± 0.06	0.64 ± 0.46	0.18
	Post-test	0.96 ± 0.92	1.20 ± 0.06	0.80 ± 0.07	0.64 ± 0.49	0.00**
	*P-value*	0.00**	0.00**	0.24	0.97
	%	18.52	29.03	8.11	0
MVV	Pre-test	93.9 ± 7.42	95.8 ± 5.9	75.9 ± 5.2	87.3 ± 7.7	0.11
	Post-test	97.2 ± 8.25	111.3 ± 5.8	75.2 ± 5.5	77.4 ± 6.2	0.00**
	*P-value*	0.50	0.03*	0.01*	0.01*
	%	3.51	16.18	-0.92	-11.34
VE	Pre-test	15.4 ± 1.68	14.5 ± 1.2	13.5 ± 1.9	12.4 ± 1.29	0.58
	Post-test	16.5 ± 0.99	21.0 ± 0.4	15.8 ± 1.6	13.8 ± 1.56	0.00**
	*P-value*	0.51	0.00**	0.12	0.20
	%	7.14	44.83	17.4	11.29

FVC: Forced * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vital capacity, FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in 1 s, VC: Vital capacity, PEF: Peak expiratory flow, IC: Inspiration capacity, ERV: Expiratory reserve volume, TV: Tidal volume, MVV: Maximum voluntary ventilation, VE: Minute ventilation
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01

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ISSN: 2052-1847

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