Table 2 Mean (SD) for the percentage of rearfoot strikes (%RFS), normalized maximum ground reaction force (peakGRF) and stride time at each treadmill running speed stage, and p-values of the random intercept model
From: Asymmetries of foot strike patterns during running in high-level female and male soccer players
| Â | Running speed | Statistics (Analysis of Deviance, type III tests) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | 2.0Â m/s | 2.5Â m/s | 3.0Â m/s | 3.5Â m/s | 4.0Â m/s | 4.5Â m/s | Speed | Speed*Sex | Sex |
P | P | P | |||||||
%RFS | |||||||||
 female | 65.1 (34.0) | 79.8 (28.2) | 87.8 (22.6) | 94.4 (15.0) | 97.8 (5.7) | 98.4 (4.6) | p < 0.001 | p = 0.033 | p = 0.355 |
 male | 71.6 (29.2) | 78.3 (31.5) | 82.0 (30.6) | 86.8 (24.8) | 89.9 (18.6) | 95.8 (10.6) | |||
 all | 68.5 (31.5) | 79.0 (29.8) | 84.7 (27.1) | 90.4 (21.0) | 93.6 (14.6) | 97.0 (8.4) | |||
GRF (N/Kg) | |||||||||
 female | 2.01 (0.32) | 2.21 (0.31) | 2.21 (0.31) | 2.36 (0.30) | 2.46 (0.30) | 2.53 (0.30) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.467 |
 male | 2.11 (0.09) | 2.31 (0.11) | 2.31 (0.11) | 2.48 (0.15) | 2.63 (0.17) | 2.74 (0.18) | |||
 all | 2.06 (0.24) | 2.26 (0.24) | 2.26 (0.24) | 2.42 (0.24) | 2.54 (0.26) | 2.63 (0.27) | |||
Stride time (s) | |||||||||
 female | 0.74 (0.04) | 0.72 (0.05) | 0.72 (0.04) | 0.70 (0.03) | 0.67 (0.04) | 0.65 (0.04) | p < 0.001 | p = 0.041 | p = 0.138 |
 male | 0.76 (0.06) | 0.74 (0.03) | 0.73 (0.03) | 0.71 (0.03) | 0.70 (0.03) | 0.68 (0.03) | |||
 all | 0.75 (0.05) | 0.73 (0.04) | 0.72 (0.03) | 0.71 (0.03) | 0.69 (0.04) | 0.67 (0.04) | |||