Table 3 Mean (SD) for the symmetry index (SI) of the percentage of rearfoot strikes (%RFS), normalized maximum ground reaction force (peakGRF)) and stride time at each treadmill running speed stage, and repeated measures ANOVA statistics (P-values and Cohens d)
From: Asymmetries of foot strike patterns during running in high-level female and male soccer players
| Â | Running speed | Statistics | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | 2.0Â m/s | 2.5Â m/s | 3.0Â m/s | 3.5Â m/s | 4.0Â m/s | 4.5Â m/s | Speed | Speed*Sex | Sex | ||||||
P | \({\eta }^{2}\) | F | P | \({\eta }^{2}\) | F | P | \({\eta }^{2}\) | F | |||||||
%RFS | |||||||||||||||
 female | 37.3 (47.5) | 28.1 (51.5) | 15.5 (44.2) | 9.1 (27.7) | 3.1 (7.5) | 2.4 (6.6) | 0.001 | 0.174 | 7.146 | 0.272 | 0.038 | 1.327 | 0.789 | 0.001 | 0.073 |
 male | 21.2 (19.9) | 31.3 (45.8) | 25.8 (53.7) | 14.6 (31.8) | 11.1 (25.1) | 6.3 (17.6) | |||||||||
 all | 28.8 (36.1) | 29.8 (47.9) | 20.9 (49.1) | 12.0 (29.7) | 7.3 (19.1) | 4.4 (13.5) | |||||||||
GRF | |||||||||||||||
 female | 0.14 (0.22) | 0.14 (0.19) | 0.09 (0.18) | 0.07 (0.13) | 0.10 (0.12) | 0.11 (0.21) | 0.301 | 0.035 | 1.233 | 0.695 | 0.012 | 0.423 | 0.207 | 0.046 | 1.657 |
 male | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.07 (0.07) | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.08 (0.06) | 0.07 (0.07) | |||||||||
 all | 0.11 (0.16) | 0.10 (0.14) | 0.08 (0.13) | 0.06 (0.10) | 0.90 (0.09) | 0.09 (0.15) | |||||||||
Stride time | |||||||||||||||
 female | 0.010 (0.010) | 0.006 (0.006) | 0.006 (0.004) | 0.006 (0.007) | 0.009 (0.007) | 0.011 (0.012) | 0.132 | 0.051 | 1.827 | 0.169 | 0.046 | 1.654 | 0.597 | 0.008 | 0.282 |
 male | 0.008 (0.007) | 0.007 (0.006) | 0.011 (0.009) | 0.012 (0.011) | 0.009 (0.006) | 0.010 (0.008) | |||||||||
 all | 0.0085 (0.008) | 0.007 (0.006) | 0.009 (0.007) | 0.009 (0.009) | 0.009 (0.006) | 0.011 (0.010) | |||||||||