Table 2 The descriptive statistics of quantitative characteristics of physiological spinal curvatures, pelvic inclination, and spinal length in the sagittal plane in three positions (sagittal standing, sagittal standing flexion, sagittal standing extension) in elite Para swimmers (SG) and elite able-bodied swimmers (CG).
Spinal curvatures measurements: sagittal plane | SG (n = 22) Mean ± SD (°) | SG (males and females) P value | CG (n = 13) Mean ± SD (°) | Elite Para swimmers (SG) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correlation | R-value (p < 0.001***, p < 0.01**, p < 0.05*) | ||||
kTH-sagittal standing | 42.09 ± 10.76 | 0.29 | 39.62 ± 11.21 | kLL & Age (years) | R=(-0.4)* |
kTH-sagittal standing flexion | 51.73 ± 11.70 | 0.91 | 54.85 ± 14.92 | kLL & Duration in disability (years) | R= (-0.5)** |
kTH-sagittal standing extension | 32.14 ± 15.72 | 0.27 | 38.38 ± 12.63 | kLL & Duration of sport-specific training experience (years) | R=(-0.5)* |
kLL-sagittal standing | 21.81 ± 11.64 | 0.6 | 21.23 ± 8.63 | kPI & Age (years) | R= (-0.4)* |
kLL -sagittal standing flexion | 32.55 ± 11.25 | 0.6 | 40.62 ± 8.21 | kPI & Duration of sport-specific training experience (years) | R=(-0.5)* |
kLL -sagittal standing extension | 33.59 ± 13.80 | 0.27 | 38.85 ± 12.8 | ROM in the sagittal plane (thoracic spine) & Duration of sport-specific training experience (years) | R = 0.6** |
kPI -sagittal standing SL – sagittal standing | 0.18 ± 1.79 472.55 ± 37.85 | 0.95 0.27 | 1.31 ± 2.18 546.54 ± 25.22 | ROM in the sagittal plane (thoracic spine) & ROM in the sagittal plane (lumbar spine) | R=(− 0.5)* |
kPI – sagittal standing flexion SL – sagittal standing flexion | 106.05 ± 14.31 570.55 ± 38.53 | 0.21 0.01 | 108.08 ± 8.19 648.08 ± 45.62 | Elite able-bodied swimmers (CG) | |
kPI-sagittal standing extension SL – sagittal standing extension | 25.31 ± 18.61 448.50 ± 45.44 | 0.67 0.13 | 34.85 ± 8.49 503.54 ± 27.28 | Correlation | R-value (p < 0.001***, p < 0.01**, p < 0.05*) |
ROM in the sagittal plane (thoracic spine) | 20.3 ± 12.9 | 0.13 | 26 ± 38 | ROM in the sagittal plane (thoracic spine) & kTH | R= (-0.6)* |
ROM in the sagittal plane (lumbar spine) | 62.7 ± 23.1 | 0.27 | 79.5 ± 11.2 | ||
ROM in the sagittal plane (pelvic inclination) | 135 ± 23.2 | 0.79 | 143 ± 11.6 | ||