Table 4 Between-group meta-analysis outcomes

Absolute force accuracy (comparator: no tape)

1

Overall

9; [49, 52, 65, 66, 68, 80,81,82,83]

-0.77 (-1.24 to -0.30), p = 0.001

80%

Fig. 4

Study design

2

Repeated measures design^a

8; [49, 52, 65, 66, 80,81,82,83]

-0.87 (-1.36 to -0.38), p < 0.001

80%

S1

3

Cross-sectional design

1; [68]

-

-

-

Tape type

4

Elastic tape

7; [49, 52, 65, 66, 68, 81, 82]

-0.76 (-1.33 to -0.19), p = 0.009

83%

S2

5

Rigid tape

2; [80, 83]

-0.82 (-1.71 to 0.06), p = 0.069

77%

S3

Population group

6

Healthy

8; [49, 52, 65, 66, 68, 82, 83]

-0.53 (-1.05 to -0.01), p = 0.044

78%

S4

7

Medial epicondylitis

2; [66, 82]

-1.76 (-2.47 to -1.05), p < 0.001

0%

S5

8

Lateral epicondylitis

1; [83]

-

-

-

9

Functional ankle instability with fatigue

1; [81]

-

-

-

Population group and tape type

10

Healthy (elastic tapes)

6; [49, 52, 65, 66, 68, 82]

-0.60 (-1.31 to 0.10), p = 0.092

84%

S6

11

Healthy (rigid tapes)

2; [80, 83]

-0.38 (-0.87 to 0.10), p = 0.12

0%

S7

12

Medial epicondylitis (elastic tape)

Same as outcome number 7

13

Lateral epicondylitis (rigid tape)

1; [83]

-

-

-

14

Functional ankle instability with fatigue (elastic tape)

1; [81]

-

-

-

Relative force accuracy (comparator: no tape)

15

Overall

4; [65, 66, 68, 82]

-0.59 (-1.08 to -0.10), p = 0.018

60%

Fig. 5

Study design

16

Repeated measures design^a

3; [65, 66, 82]

-0.57 (-1.18 to 0.03), p = 0.065

68%

S8

17

Cross-sectional design

1; [68]

-

-

-

Tape type

18

Elastic tape

Same as outcome number 15

19

Rigid tape

-

-

-

-

Population group

20

Healthy

4; [65, 66, 68, 82]

-0.73 (-1.40 to -0.058), p = 0.03

71%

S9

21

Medial epicondylitis

2; [66, 82]

-0.27 (-0.87 to 0.32), p = 0.36

0%

S10

Population group (tape type)

22

Healthy (elastic tape)

Same as outcome number 20

23

Medial epicondylitis (elastic tape)

Same as outcome number 21

Absolute accuracy (comparator: Placebo tape)

24

Overall

5; [49, 65, 66, 81, 82]

-0.51 (-0.91 to -0.10), p = 0.01

55%

S11

Study design

25

Repeated measures design^a

Same as outcome number 24

Tape type

26

Elastic tape

Same as outcome number 24

27

Rigid tape

-

-

-

-

Population group

28

Healthy

4; [49, 65, 66, 82]

-0.76 (-1.32 to -0.21), p = 0.007

56%

S12

29

Medial epicondylitis

2; [66, 82]

-0.30 (-0.90 to 0.29), p = 0.31

0%

S13

30

Functional ankle instability-fatigue

1; [81]

-

-

-

Population group (tape type)

31

Healthy (elastic tape)

Same as outcome number 28

32

Medial epicondylitis (elastic tape)

Same as outcome number 29

33

Functional ankle instability-fatigue (elastic tape)

1; [81]

-

-

-

Relative accuracy (comparator: Placebo tape)

34

Overall

3; [65, 66, 82]

0.50 (-1.15 to 0.15), p = 0.13

72%

S14

Study design

35

Repeated measures design^a

Same as outcome number 34

Tape type

36

Elastic tape

Same as outcome number 34

37

Rigid tape

-

-

-

-

Population group

38

Healthy

3; [65, 66, 82]

-0.76 (-1.73 to 0.20), p = 0.12

81%

S15

39

Medial epicondylitis

2; [66, 82]

-0.06 (-0.66 to 0.52), p = 0.82

0%

S16

Population group (tape type)

40

Healthy (elastic tape)

Same as outcome number 38

41

Medial epicondylitis (elastic tape)

Same as outcome number 39