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Table 2 Mechanical energy expenditures (MEEs) (J/kg) of the ankle, knee and hip during the Initial contact and the Peak knee flexion of front and right lunging (Meanā€‰Ā±ā€‰SD) for each transfer condition (concentric transfer, eccentric transfer, and no transfer)

From: Comparison of mechanical energy transfer during right-forward lunge between female amateur and professional badminton players

Variable

Initial contact

Peak knee flexion

Professionals

Amateur

p-Valueā€ 

Professionals

Amateur

p-Value

Meanā€‰Ā±ā€‰SD

Meanā€‰Ā±ā€‰SD

Ankle

MEEC

3.47ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.64

3.34ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.51

0.249

4.00ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.54

3.21ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.76

0.433

MEEE

3.15ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.22

3.19ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.62

0.161

4.49ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.89

2.35ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.08

<ā€‰0.042*

MEEN

3.68ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.91

2.54ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.37

<ā€‰0.003*

3.47ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.19

3.34ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.07

0.495

Knee

MEEC

2.32ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.02

3.54ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.22

<ā€‰0.026*

3.38ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.01

3.42ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.52

0.260

MEEE

3.94ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.63

2.59ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.92

<ā€‰0.001*

4.23ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.28

3.41ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.06

0.318

MEEN

3.37ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.97

2.99ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.37

0.624

2.48ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.27

2.93ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.33

0.449

Hip

MEEC

4.95ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.06

3.86ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.64

0.138

3.65ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.68

5.74ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.19

0.072

MEEE

3.64ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.88

4.74ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.09

0.232

3.61ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.25

3.18ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.02

0.585

MEEN

3.38ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.47

4.25ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.54

<ā€‰0.001*

4.22ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.93

2.96ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.26

0.193

  1. Note: *statistically significant differences between the professionals and Amateur groups. **P-valueā€‰<ā€‰0.05 is considered to be statistically significant; MEC always zero for no-transfer conditions
  2. Abbreviations: MECC, concentric energy transfer condition; MECE, eccentric energy transfer condition