A 6-month exercise intervention clinical trial in women: effects of physical activity on multi-omics biomarkers and health during the first wave of COVID-19 in Korea

Table 2 Changes of physical activity and clinical variables

	Time point 1	Period 1	Time point 2	Period 2	Time point 3
MVPA¹, Mean ± SD (minutes/week)		185.9 ± 168.73²		102.5 ± 82.30
Clinical variables
SBP (mmHg)	135.9 ± 15.49³		127.6 ± 11.40		129.7 ± 15.62
DBP (mmHg)	89.9 ± 8.92³		82.0 ± 9.53		84.6 ± 8.80
Grip strength (kg)	28.0 ± 2.36		27.5 ± 2.38		27.4 ± 2.75
Flexibility (cm)	14.6 ± 11.48		13.9 ± 10.20		12.5 ± 9.93
Glucose level (mg/dL)	100.6 ± 13.60		104.0 ± 8.96		100.1 ± 15.33
HbA1c (mg/dL)	111.9 ± 8.28³		105.6 ± 9.51⁴		108.2 ± 8.26
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	211.6 ± 31.77		207.1 ± 39.56		209.8 ± 39.01
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	168.2 ± 136.67		191.4 ± 233.12		111.1 ± 48.78
LDL-C (mg/dL)	134.0 ± 37.34³		118.5 ± 38.84		125.0 ± 36.14
HDL-C (mg/dL)	65.4 ± 20.14		62.9 ± 19.56		65.2 ± 18.69

Period 1: between “Time point 1” and “Time point 2”
Period 2: between “Time point 2” and “Time point 3”
Abbreviations: MVPA = moderate to vigorous physical activity; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure;
HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
¹ The average (minutes per week) MVPA was objectively measured by ActiGraph during arbitrarily selected two weeks in each period
² Significant difference between “Period 1” and “Period 2” by paired t-test (p < 0.05)
³ Significant difference between “Time point 1” and “Time point 2” by paired t-test (p < 0.05)
⁴ Significant difference between “Time point 2” and “Time point 3” by paired t-test (p < 0.05)

ISSN: 2052-1847