Table 1 Participant characteristics
| Â | Study 1 | Study 2 |
|---|---|---|
(n = 8) | (n = 13) | |
Sex | Â | Â |
 Male | 6 (75.0) | 10 (76.9) |
 Female | 2 (25.0) | 3 (23.1) |
Age (years) | 56.4 ± 10.6 | 60.9 ± 8.1 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3 ± 4.8 | 26.2 ± 4.0 |
Education | Â | Â |
 High School | 5 (62.5) | 5 (38.5) |
 College or higher | 3 (37.5) | 8 (61.5) |
Marital status | Â | Â |
 Married | 6 (75.0) | 10 (76.9) |
Never been married | 1 (12.5) | 0 |
 Divorced | 1 (12.5) | 3 (23.1) |
Employment | Â | Â |
 Employed | 2 (25.0) | 7 (53.8) |
 Not employed | 6 (75.0) | 6 (46.2) |
Monthly income (10,000 won) | Â | Â |
  < 300 | 4 (50.0) | 5 (38.5) |
 300 ~ 499 | 2 (25.0) | 6 (46.2) |
  ≥ 500 | 2 (25.0) | 2 (15.4) |
Drinking | Â | Â |
 Yes | 3 (37.5) | 4 (30.8) |
 No | 5 (62.5) | 9 (69.2) |
Smoking | Â | Â |
 Yes | 1 (12.5) | 1 (7.7) |
 No | 7 (87.5) | 12 (92.3) |
Hypertension | 5 (62.5) | 10 (76.9) |
Diabetes | 4 (50.0) | 7 (53.8) |
Hyperlipidemia | 4 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) |
Chronic kidney disease | 1 (12.5) | 3 (25.0) |
Heart failure | 6 (75.0) | 10 (76.9) |
Myocardial infarction | 5 (62.5) | 6 (46.2) |