Alberti KGMM, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; world heart federation; international atherosclerosis society; and International Association for the Study of obesity. Circulation. 2009;120(16):1640–5. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shin J-A, Lee J-H, Lim S-Y, Ha H-S, Kwon H-S, Park Y-M, et al. Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of type 2 diabetes, and its clinical interpretations and usefulness. Journal Of Diabetes Investigation. 2013;4(4):334–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12075.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Park Y-W, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the third National Health and nutrition examination survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(4):427–36.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fujita T. Insulin resistance and salt-sensitive hypertension in metabolic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(11):3102–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
WHO. Obesity and overweight. In: Factsheet: WHO; 2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/. Accessed September 2017.
Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine – evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25:1–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12581.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Björntorp P. Metabolic implications of body fat distribution. Diabetes Care. 1991;14(12):1132–43. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.14.12.1132.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ruderman NB, Schneider SH, Berchtold P. The "metabolically-obese," normal-weight individual. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;34(8):1617–21.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cardinal BJ, Park EA, Kim M, Cardinal MK. If exercise is medicine, where is exercise in medicine? Review of U.S. medical education curricula for physical activity-related content. J Phys Act Health. 2015;12(9):1336–43. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2014-0316.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Davidson LE, Hudson R, Kilpatrick K, Kuk JL, McMillan K, Janiszewski PM, et al. Effects of exercise modality on insulin resistance and functional limitation in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(2):122–31. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2008.558.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee S, Kuk JL, Davidson LE, Hudson R, Kilpatrick K, Graham TE, et al. Exercise without weight loss is an effective strategy for obesity reduction in obese individuals with and without Type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;99(3):1220–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Després J-P, Lemieux I, Bergeron J, Pibarot P, Mathieu P, Larose E, et al. Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28(6):1039–49. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159228.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ritchie SA, Connell JMC. The link between abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007;17(4):319–26.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Swisher AK. Yes, “Exercise is Medicine”….but It Is So Much More. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J. 2010;21(4):4.
Google Scholar
ACSM. Exercise is Medicine (EIM). American College of Sports Medicine. 2007. http://www.exerciseismedicine.org/. Accessed 13/10/2017.
Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(7):1334–59. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sironi AM, Gastaldelli A, Mari A, Ciociaro D, Postano V, Buzzigoli E, et al. Visceral fat in hypertension. Influence on Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Function. 2004;44(2):127–33. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000137982.10191.0a.
CAS
Google Scholar
Brooks GC, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS. Relation of C-reactive protein to abdominal adiposity. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(1):56–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.02.017.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ye J. Emerging role of adipose tissue hypoxia in obesity and insulin resistance. Int J Obes (2005). 2009;33(1):54–66. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.229.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ryan AS, Ge S, Blumenthal JB, Serra MC, Prior SJ, Goldberg AP. Aerobic exercise and weight loss reduce vascular markers of inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity in obese women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(4):607–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12749.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Huth C, Pigeon É, Riou M-È, St-Onge J, Arguin H, Couillard E, et al. Fitness, adiposopathy, and adiposity are independent predictors of insulin sensitivity in middle-aged men without diabetes. J Physiol Biochem. 2016;72(3):435–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-016-0488-2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ellulu MS, Khaza'ai H, Rahmat A, Patimah I, Abed Y. Obesity can predict and promote systemic inflammation in healthy adults. Int J Cardiol. 2016;215:318–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.089.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Das UN. Is obesity an inflammatory condition. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif). 2001;17(11–12):953–66.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Golbidi S, Mesdaghinia A, Laher I. Exercise in the metabolic syndrome. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:349710. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/349710.
Article
Google Scholar
Guarner V, Rubio-Ruiz ME. Low-grade systemic inflammation connects aging, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Interdiscip Top Gerontol. 2015;40:99–106. https://doi.org/10.1159/000364934.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marsland AL, McCaffery JM, Muldoon MF, Manuck SB. Systemic inflammation and the metabolic syndrome among middle-aged community volunteers. Metab Clin Exp. 2010;59(12):1801–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2010.05.015.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Eaton SB, Eaton SB. Physical inactivity, obesity, and type 2 diabetes: an evolutionary perspective. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2017;88(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2016.1268519.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Esposito K, Nappo F, Marfella R, Giugliano G, Giugliano F, Ciotola M, et al. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: role of oxidative stress. Circulation. 2002;106(16):2067–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dantzer R, O'Connor JC, Freund GG, Johnson RW, Kelley KW. From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9(1):46–56.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nunn AV, Guy GW, Brodie JS, Bell JD. Inflammatory modulation of exercise salience: using hormesis to return to a healthy lifestyle. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2010;7:87. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-7-87.
Article
Google Scholar
Romero-Corral A, Caples SM, Lopez-Jimenez F, Somers VK. Interactions between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea: implications for treatment. Chest. 2010;137(3):711–9. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-0360.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ye J, Gao Z, Yin J, He Q. Hypoxia is a potential risk factor for chronic inflammation and adiponectin reduction in adipose tissue of Ob/Ob and dietary obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;293(4):E1118–E28.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
You T, Arsenis NC, Disanzo BL, Lamonte MJ. Effects of exercise training on chronic inflammation in obesity : current evidence and potential mechanisms. Sports Medicine (Auckland, NZ). 2013;43(4):243–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0023-3.
Article
Google Scholar
Trayhurn P. Hypoxia and adipose tissue function and dysfunction in obesity. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(1):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00017.2012.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wang T-N, Chang W-T, Chiu Y-W, Lee C-Y, Lin K-D, Cheng YY, et al. Relationships between changes in leptin and insulin resistance levels in obese individuals following weight loss. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2013;29(8):436–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2012.08.041.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prpić-Križevac I, Canecki-Varžić S, Bilić-Ćurčić I. Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with type 2 diabetes and relations with insulin resistance and chronic complications. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2012;124(11):403–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-012-0191-4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nijm J, Jonasson L. Inflammation and cortisol response in coronary artery disease. Ann Med. 2009;41(3):224–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890802508934.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tsigos C, Kyrou I. Stress, Insulin Resistance, and Type II Diabetes A2 - Fink, George. Encyclopedia of Stress (Second Edition). New York: Academic Press; 2007. p. 654–9.
Google Scholar
O'Donovan G, Thomas EL, McCarthy JP, Fitzpatrick J, Durighel G, Mehta S, et al. Fat distribution in men of different waist girth, fitness level and exercise habit. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009;33(12):1356–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.189.
Article
Google Scholar
Sharma S, Batsis JA, Coutinho T, Somers VK, Hodge DO, Carter RE, et al. Normal-weight central obesity and mortality risk in older adults with coronary artery disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(3):343–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.12.007.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sahakyan KR, Somers VK, Rodriguez-Escudero JP, Hodge DO, Carter RE, Sochor O, et al. Normal-weight central obesity: implications for Total and cardiovascular mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(11):827–35. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-2525.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Czernichow S, Kengne AP, Stamatakis E, Hamer M, Batty GD. Body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: which is the better discriminator of cardiovascular disease mortality risk?: evidence from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 82 864 participants from nine cohort studies. Obes Rev. 2011;12(9):680–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00879.x.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vakil KP, Malhotra S, Sawada S, Campbell SR, Sayfo S, Kamalesh M. Waist circumference and metabolic syndrome: the risk for silent coronary artery disease in males. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2012;10(3):225–31. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2011.0099.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nazare J-A, Smith J, Borel A-L, Aschner P, Barter P, Van Gaal L, et al. Usefulness of measuring both body mass index and waist circumference for the estimation of visceral adiposity and related cardiometabolic risk profile (from the INSPIRE ME IAA study). Am J Cardiol. 2015;115(3):307–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.10.039.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kartheuser AH, Leonard DF, Penninckx F, Paterson HM, Brandt D, Remue C, et al. Waist circumference and waist/hip ratio are better predictive risk factors for mortality and morbidity after colorectal surgery than body mass index and body surface area. Ann Surg. 2013;258(5):722–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182a6605a.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Telford RD. Low physical activity and obesity: causes of chronic disease or simply predictors? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1233–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bullock VE, Griffiths P, Sherar LB, Clemes SA. Sitting time and obesity in a sample of adults from Europe and the USA. Ann Hum Biol. 2017;44(3):230–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2016.1232749.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roda C, Charreire H, Feuillet T, Mackenbach JD, Compernolle S, Glonti K, et al. Lifestyle correlates of overweight in adults: a hierarchical approach (the SPOTLIGHT project). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016;13(1):114.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lakka TA, Laaksonen DE, Lakka HM, Mannikko N, Niskanen LK, Rauramaa R, et al. Sedentary lifestyle, poor cardiorespiratory fitness, and the metabolic syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1279–86. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000079076.74931.9a.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Edwardson CL, Gorely T, Davies MJ, Gray LJ, Khunti K, Wilmot EG, et al. Association of sedentary behaviour with metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis. Plos One. 2012;7(4):e34916-e. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034916.
Article
Google Scholar
Greer AE, Sui X, Maslow AL, Greer BK, Blair SN. The effects of sedentary behavior on metabolic syndrome independent of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. J Phys Act Health. 2015;12(1):68–73. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2013-0186.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ritti-Dias RM, Cucato GG, Do Prado WL, RDO C, Santos RD, Bittencourt MS. Self-initiated changes in physical activity levels improve cardiometabolic profiles: a longitudinal follow-up study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;27(1):48–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2016.10.007.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuwahara K, Honda T, Nakagawa T, Yamamoto S, Akter S, Hayashi T, et al. Leisure-time exercise, physical activity during work and commuting, and risk of metabolic syndrome. Endocrine. 2016;53(3):710–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-016-0911-z.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ostman C, Smart NA, Morcos D, Duller A, Ridley W, Jewiss D. The effect of exercise training on clinical outcomes in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2017;16(1):110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-017-0590-y.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lin C-H, Chiang S-L, Tzeng W-C, Chiang L-C. Systematic review of impact of lifestyle-modification programs on metabolic risks and patient-reported outcomes in adults with metabolic syndrome. Worldviews Evid-Based Nurs. 2014;11(6):361–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12069.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25(Suppl 3):1–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12581.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stewart KJ, Bacher AC, Turner K, Lim JG, Hees PS, Shapiro EP, et al. Exercise and risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in older adults. Am J Prev Med. 28(1):9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.006.
Lee SW, Son JY, Kim JM, Hwang S-S, Han JS, Heo NJ. Body fat distribution is more predictive of all-cause mortality than overall adiposity. Obesity & Metabolism: Diabetes; 2017. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13050.
Google Scholar
Kasapis C, Thompson PD. The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: a systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(10):1563–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vella CA, Allison MA, Cushman M, Jenny NS, Miles MP, Larsen B, et al. Physical activity and adiposity-related inflammation: the MESA. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(5):915–21. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001179.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wärnberg J, Cunningham K, Romeo J, Marcos A. Physical activity, exercise and low-grade systemic inflammation. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69(3):400–6. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665110001928.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nicklas BJ, You T, Pahor M. Behavioural treatments for chronic systemic inflammation: effects of dietary weight loss and exercise training. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal =. Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 2005;172(9):1199–209.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jennersjö P, Ludvigsson J, Länne T, Nystrom FH, Ernerudh J, Östgren CJ. Pedometer-determined physical activity is linked to low systemic inflammation and low arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine: A Journal Of The British Diabetic Association. 2012;29(9):1119–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03621.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Bergström G, Behre CJ, Schmidt C. Moderate intensities of leisure-time physical activity are associated with lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in healthy middle-aged men. Angiology. 2012;63(6):412–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003319711423386.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Ward-Ritacco CL. Effect of exercise training on C reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. British Journal Of Sports Medicine. 2017;51(8):670–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-095999.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shaw K, Gennat H, O'Rourke P, Del Mar C. Exercise for overweight or obesity. The Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews. 2009;4:CD003817.
Google Scholar
Melo LC, Dativo-Medeiros J, Menezes-Silva CE, Barbosa FT, de Sousa-Rodrigues CF, Rabelo LA. Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8523728. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8523728.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hayashino Y, Jackson JL, Hirata T, Fukumori N, Nakamura F, Fukuhara S, et al. Effects of exercise on C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokine and adipokine in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metab Clin Exp. 2014;63(3):431–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.018.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wareham N, van Sluijs E, Ekelund U. Physical activity and obesity prevention: a review. Proc Nutr Soc. 2005;64:229–47.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Slentz CA, Duscha BD, Johnson JL, Ketchum K, Aiken LB, Samsa GP, et al. Effects of the amount of exercise on body weight, body composition, and measures of central obesity: STRRIDE--a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(1):31–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marshall SJ, Levy SS, Tudor-Locke CE, Kolkhorst FW, Wooten KM, Ji M et al. Translating Physical Activity Recommendations into a Pedometer-Based Step Goal: 3000 Steps in 30 Minutes. Am J Prev Med. 2009;36(5):410–415. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.021.
Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR Jr. How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health. Sports Medicine (Auckland, NZ). 2004;34(1):1–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR Jr, Rutherford WJ, Ainsworth BE, Chan CB, Croteau K, et al. BMI-referenced cut points for pedometer-determined steps per day in adults. J Phys Act Health. 2008;5(Suppl 1):S126–S39.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tudor-Locke C, Burkett L, Reis JP, Ainsworth BE, Macera CA, Wilson DK. How many days of pedometer monitoring predict weekly physical activity in adults? Prev Med. 2005;40(3):293–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tudor-Locke C, Craig CL, Brown WJ, Clemes SA, De Cocker K, Giles-Corti B, et al. How many steps/day are enough? For adults. The International Journal Of Behavioral Nutrition And Physical Activity. 2011;8:79. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-79.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gremeaux V, Drigny J, Nigam A, Juneau M, Guilbeault V, Latour E, et al. Long-term lifestyle intervention with optimized high-intensity interval training improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk, and exercise parameters in patients with abdominal obesity. American Journal Of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2012;91(11):941–50. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182643ce0.
Article
Google Scholar
Seligman BGS, Polanczyk CA, Santos ASB, Foppa M, Junges M, Bonzanini L, et al. Intensive practical lifestyle intervention improves endothelial function in metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. Metab Clin Exp. 2011;60(12):1736–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2011.05.006.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang H, Tong TK, Qiu W, Zhang X, Zhou S, Liu Y, et al. Comparable Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Prolonged Continuous Exercise Training on Abdominal Visceral Fat Reduction in Obese Young Women. Journal Of Diabetes Research. 2017;2017:5071740. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5071740.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Irving BA, Davis CK, Brock DW, Weltman JY, Swift D, Barrett EJ, et al. Effect of exercise training intensity on abdominal visceral fat and body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(11):1863–72. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181801d40.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Giannaki CD, Aphamis G, Sakkis P, Hadjicharalambous M. Eight weeks of a combination of high intensity interval training and conventional training reduce visceral adiposity and improve physical fitness: a group-based intervention. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2016;56(4):483–90.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Slentz CA, Aiken LB, Houmard JA, Bales CW, Johnson JL, Tanner CJ, et al. Inactivity, exercise, and visceral fat. STRRIDE: a randomized, controlled study of exercise intensity and amount. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;99(4):1613–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Loprinzi PD. Frequency of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is a greater predictor of systemic inflammation than total weekly volume of MVPA: implications for physical activity promotion. Physiol Behav. 2015;141:46–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.01.002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cronin O, Keohane DM, Molloy MG, Shanahan F. The effect of exercise interventions on inflammatory biomarkers in healthy, physically inactive subjects: a systematic review. QJM: Monthly Journal Of The Association Of Physicians. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcx091.
Zdziarski LA, Wasser JG, Vincent HK. Chronic pain management in the obese patient: a focused review of key challenges and potential exercise solutions. J Pain Res. 2015;8:63–77. https://doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s55360.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dutheil F, Lac G, Lesourd B, Chapier R, Walther G, Vinet A, et al. Different modalities of exercise to reduce visceral fat mass and cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome: the RESOLVE randomized trial. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(4):3634–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.05.012.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Loveman E, Frampton GK, Shepherd J, Picot J, Cooper K, Bryant J, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of long-term weight management schemes for adults: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess. 2011;15(2):1–182. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta15020.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Annesi JJ, Whitaker AC. Weight loss and psychologic gain in obese women-participants in a supported exercise intervention. The Permanente Journal. 2008;12(3):36–45.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Clauw DJ, Crofford LJ. Chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia: what we know, and what we need to know. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2003;17(4):685–701. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1521-6942(03)00035-4.
Connelly J, Kirk A, Masthoff J, MacRury S. The use of technology to promote physical activity in type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review. Diabetic Medicine: A Journal Of The British Diabetic Association. 2013;30(12):1420–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12289.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar