Maffulli N. Rupture of the Achilles tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81:1019–36.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Albers I, Zwerver J, Diercks R, Dekker J, Akker-Scheel I. Incidence and prevalence of lower extremity tendinopathy in a Dutch general practice population: a cross sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:565.
Article
Google Scholar
de Jonge S, van den Berg C, de Vos RJ, van der Heide HJ, Weir A, Verhaar JA, et al. Incidence of midportion Achilles tendinopathy in the general population. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(13):1026–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). Geneva (Switzerland): WHO; 2001.
Google Scholar
de Vos RJ, van derVlist A, Zwerver J, Meuffels DE, Smithuis F, van Ingen R, van der Giesen F, et al. Dutch multidisciplinary guideline on Achilles tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med. 2021;5:1–10.
Google Scholar
Khan K, Cook J, Taunton J, Bonar F. Overuse tendinosis, not tendinitis part 1: a new paradigm for a difficult clinical problem. Phys Sports Med. 2000;28(5):38–48.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rio E, Moseley L, Purdam C, Samiric T, Kidgell D, Pearce AJ, et al. The pain of tendinopathy: physiological or pathophysiological? Sports Med. 2014;44(1):9–23.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lagas IF, Tol JL, Weir A, et al. One in four patients with midportion achilles tendinopathy has persisting symptoms after 10 years: a prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med. 2019.
Maffulli N, Oliva F, Maffulli GD, Giai Via A, Gougoulias N. Minimally invasive Achilles tendon stripping for the management of tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles tendon. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2017;56(5):938–42.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maffuli N, Longo U, Kadakia A, Spiezia F. Achilles tendinopathy. Foot Ankle Int. 2020;26:240–9.
Google Scholar
Horstmann T, Jud H, Frohlich V, Mundermann A, Grau S. Wholebody vibration versus eccentric training or a wait-and-see approach for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43(11):794–804.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Silbernagel K, Thomee R, Eriksson B, Karlsson J. Continued sports activity, using a pain-monitoring model, during rehabilitation with patients with Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(6):897–906.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yu JH, Park DS, Lee GC. Effect of eccentric strengthening on pain, muscle strength, endurance, and functional fitness factors in male patients with achilles tendinopathy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;92(1):68–76.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gaida JE, Cook J. Treatment options for patellar tendinopathy: critical review. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2011;10(5):255–70.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Couppé C, Svensson RB, Silbernagel KG, Langberg H, Magnusson SP. Eccentric or concentric exercises for the treatment of tendinopathies? J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015;45(11):853–63.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Silbernagel KG, Crossley KM. A proposed return-to-sport program for patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy: rationale and implementation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015;45(11):876–86.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mafi N, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Superior short-term results with eccentric calf-muscle training compared to concentric training in a randomised prospective multi-centre study on patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001;9:42–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beyer R, Kongsgaard M, Kjaer BH, Øhlenschlaerger T, Kjaer M, Magnusson P. Heavy slow resistance versus eccentric training as treatment for Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(7):1704–11.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alfredson H, Pietilä T, Jonsson P, Lorentzon R. Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(3):360–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fahlström M, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Painful conditions in the Achilles tendon region in elite badminton players. Am J Sports Med. 2002;30:51–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sibernagel K, Thomee R, Thomee P, Karlsson J. Eccentric overload training for patients with chronic Achilles tendon pain- A randomised controlled study with reliability testing of the evaluation methods. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2001;11:197–206.
Article
Google Scholar
Sussmilch-Leitch S, Collins N, Bialocerkowski A, Warden S, Crossley K. Physical therapies for Achilles tendinopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Res. 2012;5:15.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott M. Motor control: translating research into clinical practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
Google Scholar
Plinsinga ML, Brink MS, Vicenzino B, van Wilgen CP. Evidence of nervous system sensitization in commonly presenting and persistent painful tendinopathies: a systematic review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015;45(11):864–75.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rio E, Kidgell D, Moseley L, Gaida J, Docking S, Purdam C, Cook J. Tendon neuroplastic training: changing the way we think about tendon rehabilitation: a narrative review. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:209–15.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Borich M, Brodie S, Gray W, Ionta S, Boyd L. Understanding the role of the primary somatosensory cortex: opportunities for rehabilitation. Neuropsyhcologia. 2015;79(Pt B):246–55.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chang YJ, Kulig K. The neuromechanical adaptation to Achilles tendinosis. J Physiol. 2015;593:3373–87.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kim SJ, Yu JH. Changes in gait parameters and Lower Limb Dynamics in Recreational Runners with Achilles Tendinopathy. J Sports Sci Med. 2015;14:284–9.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chimenti R, Hall M, Dilger C, Merriwether E, Wilken J, Sluka K. Local anaesthetic injection resolves movement pain, motor dysfunction, and pain catastrophizing in individuals with chronic achilles tendinopathy: a nonrandomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2020;56(6):334–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Masood T, Kalliokoski K, Bojsen-Møller J, Magnusson M, Finni T. Plantarflexor muscle function n healthy and chronic Achilles tendon pain subjects evaluated by the use of EMG and PET imaging. Clin Biomech. 2014;29:563–70.
Article
Google Scholar
Debenham J, Butler P, Mallows A, Wand B. Tactile acuity in people with Achilles tendinopathy: a preliminary case-control investigation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2016;46(12):1061–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pelletier R, Higgins J, Bourbannis D. Is neuroplasticity in the central nervous system the missing link to our understanding of chronic musculoskeletal disorders? BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16:25.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ngomo S, Mercier C, Bouyer LJ, Savoie A, Roy JS. Alterations in central motor representation increase over time in individuals with rotator cuff tendinopathy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015;126(2):365–71.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eckenrode BJ, Kietrys DM, Stackhouse SK. Pain sensitivity in chronic achilles tendinopathy. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2019;14(6):945–56.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Coombes BK, Bisset L, Vicenzino B. A new integrative model of lateral epicondylalgia. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(4):252–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jeannerod M. Neural simulation of action: a unifying mechanism for motor cognition. Neuroimage. 2001;14:S103–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wright D, McCormick S, Williams J, Holmes P. Viewing instructions accompanying action observation modulate corticospinal excitability. Front Hum Neurosci. 2016;10:17.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rizzolatti G, Craighero L. The mirror-neuron system. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:169–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ryan D, Fullen B, Rio E, Segurado R, Stoke D, O’Sullivan C. Effect of action observation therpay in the rehabilitation of neurologic and musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021;3: 100106.
CAS
Google Scholar
Buchignani B, Beani E, Pomeroy V, Iacono O, Sicola E, Perazza S, Bieber E, Feys H, Klingels K, Cioni G, Sgandurra G. Action observation training for rehabilitation in brain injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol. 2019;19(1):344.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tung M, Murphy I, Griffin S, Alphonso AL, Hussey-Anderson L, Hughes K, et al. Observation of limb movements reduces phantom limb pain in bilateral amputees. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014;1:633–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Belleli G, Buccino G, Bernardini B, Padovani A, Trabucchi M. Action observation treatment improves recovery of postsurgical orthopaedic patients: evidence for a top-down effect? Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91:1489–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Park SD, Song HS, Kim JY. The effect of action observation training on knee joint function and gait ability in total knee replacement patients. J Exerc Rehabil. 2014;10(3):168–71.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Villafañe JH, Isgrò M, Borsatti M, Berjano P, Pirali C, Negrini S. Effects of action observation treatment in recovery after total knee replacements: a prospective clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2017;31(3):361–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nobusako S, Matsuo A, Morioka S. Effectiveness of the gaze direction recognition task for chronic neck pain and cervical range of motion: a randomized controlled pilot study. Rehabil Res Pract. 2012;2012: 570387.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
de-la Puente-Ranea L, García-Calvo B, La Touche R, Fernández-Carnero J, Gil-Martínez A. Influence of the actions observed on cervical motion in patients with chronic neck pain: a pilot study. J Exerc Rehabil. 2016;12(4):346–54.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Öztürk Ö, Bombacı H, Keçeci T, Algun ZC. Effects of additional action observation to an exercise program in patients with chronic pain due to knee osteoarthritis: a randomized-controlled trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021;52: 102334.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Skivington K, Matthews L, Simpson S, Craig P, Baird J, Blazeby JM, et al. A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ. 2021;372: n2061.
Article
Google Scholar
Ryan D, Rio E, O’Donoghue G, O’Sullivan C. The effect of combined action observation therapy and eccentric exercises in the treatment of mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: study protocol for a feasibility pilot randomized controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2022;8(30).
Eldridge SM, Chan CL, Campbell MJ, Bond CM, Hopewell S, Thabane L, et al. CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2016;2(1):64.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, et al. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ. 2014;348(mar07 3):g1687.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vincenzino B, de Vos R, Alfredson H, Bahr R, Cook J, Coombes KC, et al. ICON 2019- International Scientific Symposium Consensus: There are nine core health- related domains for tendinopathy (CORE DOMAINS): Delphi study of healthcare professionals and patients. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54:444–51.
Article
Google Scholar
Rio EK, Mc Auliffe S, Kuipers I, Girdwood M, Alfredson H, Bahr R, et al. ICON PART-T 2019-International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus: recommended standards for reporting participant characteristics in tendinopathy research (PART-T). Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(11):627–30.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boesen MI, Torp-Pedersen S, Koenig MJ, Christensen R, Langberg H, Hölmich P, Nielsen MB, Bliddal H. Ultrasound guided electrocoagulation in patients with chronic non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a pilot study. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(9):761–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hasani F, Haines T, Munteanu SE, Schock P, Vicenzino B, Malliaras P. LOAD-intensity and time-under-tension of exercises for men who have Achilles tendinopathy (the LOADIT trial): a randomised feasibility trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021;13:57.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kearney RS, Parsons N, Costa ML. Achilles tendinopathy management: a pilot randomised controlled trial comparing platelet-rich plasma injection with an eccentric loading programme. Bone Joint Res. 2013;2(10):227–32.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rabusin CL, Menz HB, McClelland JA, Evans A, Malliaras P, Docking S, et al. Efficacy of heel lifts versus calf muscle eccentric exercise for mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (HEALTHY): a randomised trial. Br J Spor Med. 2021;55:486–92.
Article
Google Scholar
Meichenbaum D, Turk DC. Facilitation treatment adherence: a practitioner’s guidebook. New York: Plenum press; 1987.
Book
Google Scholar
Jordan JL, Holden MA, Mason EE, Foster NE. Interventions to improve adherence to exercise for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;1:CD005956.
Google Scholar
Sekhon M, Cartwright M, Francis JJ. Acceptability of healthcare interventions: an overview of reviews and development of a theoretical framework. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17:88.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rio E, Docking SI. Adaptation of the pathological tendon: you cannot trade in for a new one, but perhaps you don’t need to? Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(10):622–3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hari R, Forss N, Avikainen S, Kirveskari E, Salenius S, Rizzolatti G. Activation of human primary motor cortex during action observation: a neuromagnetic study. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1998;1995:15061–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Fadiga L, Craighero L, Olivier E. Human motor cortex excitability during the perception of other’s action. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2005;15:213–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cuenca-Martinez F, Suso-Martí L, Sanchez-Martin D, Soria-Soria C, Seranno-Santos J, Paris-Alemany A, et al. Effects of motor imagery and action observation on lumbo-pelvic motor control, trunk muscle strength and level of perceive fatigue: a randomized controlled trial. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2020;91(1):34–46.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lago-Rodríguez A, Cheeran B, Kock G, Hortobágyi T, Fernandez-del-Olmo M. The role of mirror neuronsin observational motor learning: an integrative review. Eur J Hum Mov. 2014;32:82–103.
Google Scholar
Sarasso E, Gemma M, Agosta F, Filippi M, Gatti R. Action observation training to improve motor function recovery: a systematic review. Arch Physiother. 2015;5:14.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vogt M, Hoppeler H. Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct. J App Physiol. 2014;116:1446–54.
Article
Google Scholar
Wright A, Hannon J, Hegedus EJ, Kavchak AE. Clinimetrics corner: a closer look at the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). J Man Manip Ther. 2012;20(3):160–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Plinsinga ML, van Wilgen CP, Brink MS, Vuvan V, Stephenson A, Heales LJ, Mellor R, Coombes BK, Vicenzino BT. Patellar and Achilles tendinopathies are predominantly peripheral pain states: a blinded case control study of somatosensory and psychological profiles. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(5):284–91.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Linton SJ, Shaw WS. Impact of psychological factors in the experience of pain. Phys Ther. 2011;91(5):700–11.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meints SM, Edwards RR. Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2018;87(Pt B):168–82.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ryan D, O’Sullivan C. Outcome measures used in intervention studies for the rehabilitation of mid-portion achilles tendinopathy; a scoping review. Phys Ther Sport. 2020;00:1–18.
Google Scholar
Chimenti R, Post A, Silbernagel K, Hadlandsmyth K, Sluka K, Moseley GL, Rio E. Kinesiophobia severity categories and clinically meaningful symptom change in persons with Achilles tendinopathy in a cross-sectional study: implications for assessment and willingness to exercise. Front Pain Res. 2021;2: 739051.
Article
Google Scholar
Neelapala YV, Shankaranarayana A. Action observation as a treatment option for fear avoidance behavior in chronic spinal pain. Med Hypotheses. 2020;137: 109535.
Article
Google Scholar