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  1. Assessing physical workload is the most important step in deciding whether a workload is high and adopting appropriate control strategies to reduce physical workload. This study aimed to compare physical workl...

    Authors: Farnaz Bagherifard, Hadi Daneshmandi, Mansour Ziaei, Haleh Ghaem, Ruhollah Khoshbakht, Omid Jaberi and Alireza Choobineh
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:85
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Performing multiple high-intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions in a compressed period of time (approximately 7–14 days) is called a HIIT shock microcycle (SM) and promises a rapid increase in endurance p...

    Authors: Thomas Leonhard Stöggl, Julia C. Blumkaitis, Tilmann Strepp, Mahdi Sareban, Perikles Simon, Elmo W. I. Neuberger, Thomas Finkenzeller, Natalia Nunes, Lorenz Aglas and Nils Haller
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:84
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  3. Handball is a high-intensity game, during which players run, change directions with or without the ball, interact with the opponent and make different decisions in both offensive and defensive actions. Players...

    Authors: Maciej Śliż, Karolina H. Przednowek, Paweł Kapuściński, Bartosz Dziadek, Łukasz Godek, Krzysztof Warchoł, Janusz Zieliński and Krzysztof Przednowek
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:83
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the match technical and running performance required by different teams based on their final ranking position in a professional soccer league; and (2) analyze the c...

    Authors: Marcin Andrzejewski, José M. Oliva-Lozano, Paweł Chmura, Jan Chmura, Sławomir Czarniecki, Edward Kowalczuk, Andrzej Rokita, José M. Muyor and Marek Konefał
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:82
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Low back pain (LBP) is a common symptom in classical ballet dancers, which can limit their daily activities and dance training routines. The purpose of the study was to verify the association and comparison of...

    Authors: Brenda Luciano de Souza, Patricia Colombo de Souza and Ana Paula Ribeiro
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:81
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Given that recent studies report negative secular declines in physical fitness, associations between fitness and cognition in childhood are strongly discussed. The preschool age is characterized by high neurop...

    Authors: Kristin Wick, Susi Kriemler and Urs Granacher
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:80
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Summer alpine sports, including mountain biking, hiking and airborne pursuits, have experienced a recent surge in popularity. Accordingly, trauma associated with these activities has increased. There is a scar...

    Authors: Sebastian Frederick Bigdon, Verena Hecht, Paul Gilbert Fairhurst, Moritz C. Deml, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos and Christoph E. Albers
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:79
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. The purpose of the present study was to explore the feasibility of collecting GPS data and the usability of GPS data to evaluate associations between the training load and onset of running-related knee injurie...

    Authors: Kyra L. A. Cloosterman, Tryntsje Fokkema, Robert-Jan de Vos, Ben van Oeveren, Sita M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra and Marienke van Middelkoop
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:78
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Gender differences in muscle activity during landing have been proposed as a possible contributing factor to the greater incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in women. Conflicting results among a f...

    Authors: Mohammad Seyedahmadi, Hooman Minoonejad, Mohammad Karimizadeh Ardakani, Zahra Heidari, Mohammad Bayattork and Hadi Akbari
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:77
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. A baseball pitcher with decreased scapular control may not be able to achieve suitable scapular motion at maximum shoulder external rotation (MER) of baseball pitching during the pitching action. It is common ...

    Authors: Yuki Nomura, Hajime Toda, Masaki Katayose, Shun Watanabe, Masahiro Yoshida, Makoto Yoshida and Keizo Yamamoto
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:76
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Running is a very popular sport among both recreational and competitive athletes. However, participating in running is associated with a comparably high risk of sustaining an exercise-related injury. Due to th...

    Authors: A. L. Rahlf, T. Hoenig, J. Stürznickel, K. Cremans, D. Fohrmann, A. Sanchez-Alvarado, T. Rolvien and K. Hollander
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:75
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  12. Current evidence still emerging regarding the risk of cardiovascular (CV) sequel associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, and considerable replicated studies are needed to ensure safe ret...

    Authors: Bandar Alosaimi, Isamme AlFayyad, Salman Alshuaibi, Ghazwaa Almutairi, Nawaf Alshaebi, Abdulaziz Alayyaf, Wael Alturaiki and Muhammad Azam Shah
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. The time of day that people exercise can potentially influence the efficiency of exercises for fall prevention in older adults. The present pilot study was conducted to explore the feasibility and effects of m...

    Authors: Frédéric Noé, Karim Korchi, Noëlle Bru and Thierry Paillard
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:73
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. The ability to perform visually-guided motor tasks requires the transformation of visual information into programmed motor outputs. When the guiding visual information does not align spatially with the motor o...

    Authors: Nicole Smeha, Ravneet Kalkat, Lauren E. Sergio and Loriann M. Hynes
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:72
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Use of a wearable gait analysis system (WGAS) is becoming common when conducting gait analysis studies due to its versatility. At the same time, its versatility raises a concern about its accuracy, because its...

    Authors: Kentaro Homan, Keizo Yamamoto, Ken Kadoya, Naoki Ishida and Norimasa Iwasaki
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:71
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Lateral trunk obliquity during landing is a characteristic of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes and affects their knee and hip kinetics and kinematics. However, it is unclear whether...

    Authors: Shohei Taniguchi, Tomoya Ishida, Masanori Yamanaka, Ryo Ueno, Ryohei Ikuta, Masato Chijimatsu, Mina Samukawa, Yuta Koshino, Satoshi Kasahara and Harukazu Tohyama
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:70
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. The accumulation of physiological stress and the presence of inflammation disturb iron management in athletes during intense training. However, little is known about the mechanisms regulating iron levels in at...

    Authors: Justyna Cichoń, Joanna Ostapiuk-Karolczuk, Mirosława Cieślicka, Hanna Dziewiecka, Anita Marcinkiewicz, Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe, Piotr Basta, Dariusz Maciejewski and Anna Skarpańska-Stejnborn
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:69
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Dual-transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used to rebalance the cortical excitability of both hemispheres following unilateral-stroke. Our previous study showed a positive effect from a sing...

    Authors: Wanalee Klomjai and Benchaporn Aneksan
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:68
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. COVID-19 lockdown measures led to the suspension of centre-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR). We aimed to describe the impact of lockdown on CR behaviours and perceptions of efficacy in a sample of CR particip...

    Authors: Richard Kirwan, Fatima Perez de Heredia, Deaglan McCullough, Tom Butler and Ian G. Davies
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Femur-tibia angle (FTA) and patella-tibia angle (PTA) are two MRI measurements that reflect the rotation of the knee joint. The purposes of this study were to assess whether FTA and PTA are associated with ACL...

    Authors: Zeng Li, Mengyuan Li, Yan Du, Mo Zhang, Hai Jiang, Ruiying Zhang, Yuanchen Ma and Qiujian Zheng
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:66
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Martial arts training has shown positive impacts on balance and physiological measurements. Further investigation of the contents and feasibility of an effective therapeutic assessment of martial arts is neede...

    Authors: Hajer Mustafa, Aimee Harrison, Yao Sun, Gregory E. P. Pearcey, Bruno Follmer, Benjamin M. Nazaroff, Ryan E. Rhodes and E. Paul Zehr
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:65
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Diminished balance is associated with the incidence of ankle and lower extremity injuries in adolescents. Although flexible flatfoot is a common foot condition in pediatric and adolescent populations, the asso...

    Authors: Yasunari Ikuta, Tomoyuki Nakasa, Hironori Fujishita, Hiromune Obayashi, Kouki Fukuhara, Tetsuhiko Sakamitsu, Kai Ushio and Nobuo Adachi
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:64
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. This study examined the physiological and perceived impact of wearing a novel lower body resistance garment during exercise and recovery.

    Authors: Samantha M. Hoffmann, Isaiah Di Domenico and Paul K. Collins
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:63
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Stroke is a major cause of disability with mainly affecting trunk mobility and function. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of core stabilization exercises versus conventional therapy ...

    Authors: Wajeeha Mahmood, Hafiz Syed Ijaz Ahmed Burq, Sarah Ehsan, Basita Sagheer and Tahir Mahmood
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Prehabilitation may improve postoperative clinical outcomes among patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. This study evaluated the potential effects of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program pe...

    Authors: Anna Michel, Vincent Gremeaux, Guillaume Muff, Basile Pache, Sandrine Geinoz, Ana Larcinese, Charles Benaim, Bengt Kayser, Nicolas Demartines, Martin Hübner, David Martin and Cyril Besson
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory tract disease. The most common clinical manifestation of severe COVID-19 is acute respiratory failure. Respiratory rehabilitation can be a...

    Authors: Manzur Kader, Md. Afzal Hossain, Vijayendar Reddy, Nirmala K. Panagodage Perera and Mamunur Rashid
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:60
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) has been calculated for individual athletes and sports, but it has not been investigated in futsal performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate any ...

    Authors: Farid Farhani, Hamid Arazi, Mohammad Mirzaei, Hadi Nobari, Elena Mainer-Pardos, Imen Moussa Chamari, Julien S. Baker, Jorge Pérez-Gómez and Karim Chamari
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:59
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. A continuous tracking of the PA level during the COVID-19 pandemic is important to understand how people’s behaviour has varied along time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical activity (PA) traj...

    Authors: Eduardo L. Caputo, Natan Feter, Jayne S. Leite, Igor R. Doring, Júlia Cassuriaga, Felipe M. Delpino, Caroline M. Huckembeck, Ricardo Alt, Marcelo C. da Silva, Airton J. Rombaldi and Felipe F. Reichert
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:58
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. The lifestyle of children has a significant impact on the future health of the whole society. Therefore, health education, prevention and monitoring of health determinants is important at every stage of ontoge...

    Authors: Mirosław Mrozkowiak and Marta Stępień-Słodkowska
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:57
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk among asymptomatic sedentary males participating in Islamic prayer, alongside various exercise durations and age groups.

    Authors: Abdul Hamid Jalal and Habib Noorbhai
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Isometric muscle actions can be performed either by initiating the action, e.g., pulling on an immovable resistance (PIMA), or by reacting to an external load, e.g., holding a weight (HIMA). In the present stu...

    Authors: Silas Dech, Frank N. Bittmann and Laura V. Schaefer
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Female soldiers form an integral part of any modern defence force. Previous reports have highlighted that female soldiers report injuries at higher rates than male personnel. One possible reason for this is an...

    Authors: Ben Schram, Elisa Canetti, Robin Orr and Rodney Pope
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:54
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. In this study, the incidence rate of the injury in Winter Paralympic Games was summarized. Besides, to testify the underlying factors of injury incidence heterogeneity, the difference of these events incidence...

    Authors: Fengyu Wu, Yitong Liu and Maohua Zhuang
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:53
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Beetroot juice (BJ) and caffeine (CAF) are considered as ergogenic aids among athletes to enhance performance, however, the ergogenic effects of BJ and CAF co-ingestion are unclear during team-sport-specific ...

    Authors: Erfan Berjisian, Kerry McGawley, Bryan Saunders, Raúl Domínguez, Majid S. Koozehchian, Caio Victor Coutinho de Oliveira, Ramin Rafiei, Hossein Miraftabi, Amir Sarshin and Alireza Naderi
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the in-season variations of acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) coupled, uncoupled, and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) through session rating of...

    Authors: Hadi Nobari, Ersan Arslan, Alexandre Duarte Martins and Rafael Oliveira
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:51
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Fencing is a highly asymmetrical combat sport, that imposes high mechanical demands over repeated exposures on the musculoskeletal structures, a primary cause of injuries in fencers. However, there are limited...

    Authors: Congfei Lu, Yuxuan Fan, Genyu Yu, Hua Chen, Jonathan Sinclair and Yifang Fan
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. With the dynamic development of professional Paralympic sport, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and structural and/or functional disturbances in Para athletes constantly increases. The aim of the study w...

    Authors: Anna Zwierzchowska, Eliza Gawel, Diana Celebanska and Barbara Rosolek
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Aim of the study was to enrol a group of individuals with schizophrenia in a long-term moderate-intensity physical activity program and to evaluate its effects on their cognitive functions and cardiovascular r...

    Authors: S. Mandini, M. Morelli, M. Belvederi Murri, L. Grassi, S. Masotti, L. Simani, V. Zerbini, A. Raisi, T. Piva, G. Grazzi and G. Mazzoni
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:48
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) results in hypertrophy, and its magnitude depends on various training variables. This study aimed to compare the long-term effect of passive recovery (PR) ...

    Authors: Vahid Fekri-Kourabbaslou, Sara Shams and Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:47
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:211

  41. The postural stability seems to be important in the physical development of the soccer player and the specific tasks related to the game. In addition, it is related to the injury risk and therefore, with the i...

    Authors: Francisco Tomás González-Fernández, Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda, Moisés Falces-Prieto, Hadi Nobari and Filipe Manuel Clemente
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. To combat the spread of SARS-CoV-2, CrossFit® training centers, and fitness studios were closed during the first lockdown in Germany from mid-March until June 2020, and as a result, CrossFit® (CFA) or weightli...

    Authors: Nicole Meier, Till Nägler, Robin Wald and Annette Schmidt
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:44
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Musculoskeletal pain and its risk factors are rarely assessed in studies on adolescent athletes. The aim was to identify risk factors at baseline that were associated with the persistence or development of mus...

    Authors: Julia S. Malmborg, Ann Bremander, Stefan Bergman, Emma Haglund and M. Charlotte Olsson
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:43
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Sports management and public health physical activity stakeholders need to understand changing patterns of participation to inform the development of sport and physical activity opportunities and strategies. T...

    Authors: Rochelle Eime, Jack Harvey, Melanie Charity, Aurelie Pankowiak and Hans Westerbeek
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:42
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Most of the anterior thigh injuries are contusions or strains, however, some of these injuries can be career ending. Early diagnosis and correct treatment are key to successful outcome. Analyzing injury mechan...

    Authors: Lasse Lempainen, Sandra Mechó, Xavier Valle, Stefano Mazzoni, Jose Villalon, Marco Freschi, Luca Stefanini, Alvaro García-Romero-Pérez, Maria Burova, Pavel Pleshkov, Ricard Pruna, Giulio Pasta and Jussi Kosola
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:41
    Content type: Review Published on:

  46. Maximal isokinetic strength ratios of joint flexors and extensors are important parameters to indicate the level of muscular balance at the joint. Further, in combat sports athletes, upper and lower limb muscl...

    Authors: Said El-Ashker, Helmi Chaabene and Olaf Prieske
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Multifarious clinical presentations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes detection difficult. Acceptance of the Fencing Response as an indicator of moderate TBI with localization to the brainstem expanded int...

    Authors: Joshua A. Beitchman, Brendan A. Burg, Dylan M. Sabb, Ario H. Hosseini and Jonathan Lifshitz
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:39
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Blood volume (BV) is a critical factor for physical endurance in chronic stroke patients, while hypervolemia can worsen hypertension in these patients. This prospective study assessed whether rehabilitation co...

    Authors: Chika Sato, Yoshi-ichiro Kamijo, Yuta Sakurai, Shohei Araki, Yuki Sakata, Ayana Ishigame, Kota Murai, Izumi Yoshioka and Fumihiro Tajima
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Only 65% of people return to a level of sport equivalent to that before after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. Persisting apprehension may in part explain this observation. We aimed to describe charac...

    Authors: Alexandre Martini, Anne Ayala, Marc Lechable, François Rannou, Marie-Martine Lefèvre-Colau and Christelle Nguyen
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:37
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. The aim of this study was to analyze athlete-specific psychological strain among Olympic athletes following the postponement of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic games due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Authors: Christophe Lambert, Lisa-Marie Schuetz, Simon Rice, Rosemary Purcell, Theresa Stoll, Martyna Trajdos, Ramona Ritzmann, Anna-Lena Böhm and Martin Walz
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2022 14:36
    Content type: Research Published on:
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BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

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