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  1. People with physical disabilities (PWPD) have limited opportunities to participate in sport activities. Sitting light volleyball (SLVB) is an adapted sport that combines light volleyball and paralympic sitting...

    Authors: Ka-Man Leung, Pak-Kwong Chung, William Chu and Kwok Ng
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:100
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. The role of sports pharmacists is being emphasized in international athletic events. This study aimed to describe the pharmacy services for the 2019 Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA) World Masters C...

    Authors: In Kyu Yang, Eun Ok Shin, Dong Gyun Kim, Hyun Cheol Jung, Kwang Joon Kim and Sung Hwan Ki
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:98
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Several studies have observed the contribution of chronological age, biological maturation, and anthropometric characteristics to sprinting performance in young soccer players. Nevertheless, there are no studi...

    Authors: Elena Mainer-Pardos, Oliver Gonzalo-Skok, Hadi Nobari, Demetrio Lozano and Jorge Pérez-Gómez
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:97
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Severe rapid weight loss (RWL) induces a decrease in muscle glycogen (mGly). Nevertheless, adequate carbohydrate intake after RWL has not been reported to optimize muscle glycogen following a weigh-in the even...

    Authors: Emi Kondo, Keisuke Shiose, Takuya Osawa, Keiko Motonaga, Akiko Kamei, Kohei Nakajima, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Takahiro Wada, Shigeki Nishiguchi and Hideyuki Takahashi
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Regular participation in exercise is important for people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Therefore, we implemented a personalized, web-based exercise intervention over the course of one year for people with CF. Th...

    Authors: Barlo Hillen, Perikles Simon, Sebastian Schlotter, Oliver Nitsche, Viola Bähner, Krystyna Poplawska and Daniel Pfirrmann
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:95
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. This study aimed to compare the match running performance between bottom- and top-ranked teams in professional soccer players over the 2020 season of the Brazilian National 2nd Division League. In addition, th...

    Authors: Rodrigo Aquino, Luiz Guilherme Gonçalves, Marcos Galgaro, Thiago Santi Maria, Eduardo Rostaiser, Alejandro Pastor, Hadi Nobari, Gabriel Rodrigues Garcia, Maxwell Viana Moraes-Neto and Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:93
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. This study sought to determine the effects of a 6-week neuromuscular training (NMT) and NMT plus external focus (NMT plus EF) programs on trunk and lower extremity inter-segmental movement coordination in acti...

    Authors: Bahram Sheikhi, Amir Letafatkar, Abbey C. Thomas and Kevin R. Ford
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:92
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Tendinopathy is a common clinical condition that can significantly affect a person’s physical function and quality of life. Despite exercise therapy being the mainstay of tendinopathy management, there are man...

    Authors: Nicholas Tripodi, Jack Feehan, Maja Husaric, Fotios Sidiroglou and Vasso Apostolopoulos
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:91
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, muscle soreness, and reductions in muscle function. Cocoa flavanols (CF) are (poly)phenols with antioxidant and anti-...

    Authors: Liam D. Corr, Adam Field, Deborah Pufal, Tom Clifford, Liam D. Harper and Robert J. Naughton
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:90
    Content type: Review Published on:

  11. The bilateral limb deficit (BLD) phenomenon suggests that lower forces are produced with bilateral limb contractions compared to the summed force produced when the same muscles are contracted unilaterally. Whi...

    Authors: Emily Whitcomb, Oscar Ortiz, Jacqueline Toner and Usha Kuruganti
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Handball referees play an important role during a handball match. Surprisingly, not much is known about their sports-related injuries and resulting pain, therefore the purpose of our study was to focus on inju...

    Authors: Jens Heyn and Johannes Fleckenstein
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Chronic low back pain (CLBP), which has a close relationship with lumbar muscle degeneration, can be effectively treated by exercise therapy, and yoga has been widely accepted by clinicians and patients with C...

    Authors: Wenfen Liu, Jiachun Li, Xiang Zhou, Ningning Chen, Hui Ouyang, Zuofeng Xu and Yongsheng Zhu
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most common injuries in everyday and sports activities. Approximately 20–40 % of patients with LAS develop a chronic ankle instability (CAI). The underlying mechani...

    Authors: Christian Raeder, Janina Tennler, Arthur Praetorius, Tobias Ohmann and Christian Schoepp
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:86
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Assessing lactate (LT) or anaerobic thresholds (AT) in athletes is an important tool to control training intensities and to estimate individual performance levels. Previously we demonstrated that ECG-based ass...

    Authors: Dominik Schüttler, Simone Krammer, Lukas von Stülpnagel, Lauren Sams, Axel Bauer, Wolfgang Hamm and Stefan Brunner
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Little is known about the musculoskeletal (MSK) exam providers use during the Preparticipation Physical Examination (PPE). The primary aims of this study were to determine current practice with regards to the ...

    Authors: Connor Corrente, Matthew Silvis, Joseph Murphy, Robert Gallo and Cayce Onks
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Balance disorders are common in patients with neurological or vestibular diseases. Telerehabilitation program is a treatment to be as safe as conventional treatment. One of the most used methods to perform tel...

    Authors: Marcos Maldonado-Díaz, Patricia Vargas, Ricardo Vasquez, Felipe Gonzalez-Seguel, Betel Rivero, Viviane Hidalgo-Cabalín and Tania Gutierrez-Panchana
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:83
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. The Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) is an exercise training program incorporating cognitive and physical exercise components, which was originally developed for older adults to reduce falling risks. SSE’s poten...

    Authors: Masato Kawabata, Su Ren Gan, Gint Goh, Siti Aisha Binte Omar, Ivan T. F. Oh, Wan Qi Wee and Tomohiro Okura
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:82
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Representation of people with disabilities in fitness centres is lacking, despite initiatives to promote inclusion mainly in the UK and USA. Success creating these inclusive spaces is mixed and few were crafte...

    Authors: Helene Nikolajsen, Emma Victoria Richardson, Louise Fleng Sandal, Birgit Juul-Kristensen and Jens Troelsen
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Even though the importance of preparing patients for a surgical event is recognized, there are still gaps about the benefit of improving functional capacity by walking during the waiting time among patients sc...

    Authors: Olga L. Cortés, Mauricio Herrera-Galindo, Claudia Becerra, Mónica Rincón-Roncancio, Camilo Povea-Combariza and Maribel Esparza-Bohorquez
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:80
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Rehabilitation plays an important role in the management of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and current guidelines recommend implementation of a monitored individualized exercise training p...

    Authors: Mariusz Wojciuk, Mariusz Ciolkiewicz, Anna Kuryliszyn-Moskal, Sylwia Chwiesko-Minarowska, Emilia Sawicka, Katarzyna Ptaszynska-Kopczynska and Karol Kaminski
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Exercise is often used to obtain a negative energy balance. However, its effects on body weight reduction are usually below expectations. One possible explanation is a reduction in spontaneous physical activit...

    Authors: Ana Carolina Silvares Quintanilha, Izabelle Dias Benfato, Robson Luiz Oliveira Santos, Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes and Camila Aparecida Machado de Oliveira
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:78
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. The fact that kinesio tape may be capable to enhance muscle power would qualify it as practical tool to be considered during passive warm-up (WU) or coupled with active WU processes prior to power-based perfor...

    Authors: Alessio Rossi, Damiano Formenti, Luca Cavaggioni, Giampietro Alberti, Fabio Esposito, Fabio D’Angelo and Athos Trecroci
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:77
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Studies investigating postural orientation in uninjured youth athletes are scarce. Understanding how postural orientation during functional performance tests change with age in uninjured athletes has the poten...

    Authors: Sofia Ryman Augustsson, Jenny Nae, Magnus Karlsson, Tomas Peterson, Per Wollmer and Eva Ageberg
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:76
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. To evaluate cycling participation and identify barriers and facilitators related to cycling participation in people with a lower limb amputation (LLA) in the Netherlands.

    Authors: Jutamanee Poonsiri, Rienk Dekker, Pieter U. Dijkstra, Juha M. Hijmans and Jan H. B. Geertzen
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Authors: Miyuki Hori, Tadashi Suga, Masafumi Terada, Takahiro Tanaka, Yuki Kusagawa, Mitsuo Otsuka, Akinori Nagano and Tadao Isaka
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:74
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:67

  27. Most injuries in track and field are caused by overuse with conflicting reports concerning the underlying mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how biomechanical and clinical factors relate to ...

    Authors: Andreas Lundberg Zachrisson, Andreas Ivarsson, Pia Desai, Jon Karlsson and Stefan Grau
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The Unilateral Seated Shot-Put Test (USSPT) consists of pushing an overweight ball as far as possible to assess upper extremity power unilaterally and bilateral symmetry. Literature however reports various bod...

    Authors: Matthieu Degot, Yoann Blache, Grégory Vigne, Gabriel Franger, Lionel Neyton and Isabelle Rogowski
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:72
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  29. The “FIFA 11 + Shoulder” programme has been reported to reduce the incidence of upper extremity injuries among soccer goalkeepers. It has also been recommended for overhead sports. The purpose of this study wa...

    Authors: Mostafa Zarei, Saeed Eshghi and Mahdi Hosseinzadeh
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The knowledge of the long-term consequences of covid-19 is limited. In patients, symptoms such as fatigue, decreased physical, psychological, and cognitive function, and nutritional problems have been reported...

    Authors: E. Rydwik, L. Anmyr, M. Regardt, A. McAllister, R. Zarenoe, E. Åkerman, Y. Orrevall, M. Bragesjö, O. Dahl, M. K. Kemani, L. Nordstrand, U. Ekman, L. Holmström and M. Nygren-Bonnier
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:70
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  31. Regular physical activity and exercise provide many health benefits. These health benefits are mediated in large part through cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength. As most individuals have not had a...

    Authors: James T. Langland, Neeraj Sathnur, Qi Wang and Andrew P. J. Olson
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Bodybuilding is a competitive endeavor where a combination of muscle size, symmetry, “conditioning” (low body fat levels), and stage presentation are judged. Success in bodybuilding requires that competitors a...

    Authors: Guillermo Escalante, Scott W. Stevenson, Christopher Barakat, Alan A. Aragon and Brad J. Schoenfeld
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:68
    Content type: Review Published on:

  33. This study examined the relationships of knee extensor strength and quadriceps femoris size with sprint performance in sprinters.

    Authors: Miyuki Hori, Tadashi Suga, Masafumi Terada, Takahiro Tanaka, Yuki Kusagawa, Mitsuo Otsuka, Akinori Nagano and Tadao Isaka
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:74

  34. Sports should endeavour to provide inclusive opportunities for all people to participate. More evidence is required to understand who joins sports clubs and what keeps participants engaged throughout their lif...

    Authors: Bridget C. Foley, Catriona Rose, Katherine B. Owen and Lindsey J. Reece
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:59
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The Single Leg Squat test (SLS) is a common tool used in clinical examination to set and evaluate rehabilitation goals, but there is not one established SLS test used in the clinic. Based on previous scientifi...

    Authors: John Ressman, Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas Grooten and Eva Rasmussen-Barr
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:66
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Dietary inorganic nitrate (NO3−) is a polyatomic ion, which is present in large quantities in green leafy vegetables and beetroot, and has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a potential health-pr...

    Authors: Oliver M. Shannon, Chris Easton, Anthony I. Shepherd, Mario Siervo, Stephen J. Bailey and Tom Clifford
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:65
    Content type: Review Published on:

  37. American football players need the ability to provide maximal muscular power in a modicum of time. Postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE), which is characterized by an acute improvement of a performance...

    Authors: Robert Bielitzki, Daniel Hamacher and Astrid Zech
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:64
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. There is limited information on the physique attributes of female netball players from the highest playing standards and the typical body composition changes that occur with training and competition in these a...

    Authors: Luke Hogarth, Ava Farley, Max McKenzie, Brendan Burkett and Mark McKean
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. This study was designed to investigate effects of Kinesiotape (KT) with closed basket weave method and lace-up braces (LB) on the vertical time to stabilization, peak vertical ground reaction force (PvGRF), an...

    Authors: Ali Yalfani and Zahra Raeisi
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Compression garments are generally used for their potential benefits in exercise performance and post-exercise recovery. Previous studies show that compression sleeves worn at the elbow change neuromuscular co...

    Authors: Yao Sun, Bridget Munro and E. Paul Zehr
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are leading causes of mortality. These conditions are also known as chronic diseases of long duration and generally slow progression. Physical activity (PA) is a main factor to...

    Authors: Giovanni Iolascon, Francesca Gimigliano, Gioconda Di Pietro, Antimo Moretti, Marco Paoletta, Matteo Rivezzi, Alessandro Distante and Prisco Piscitelli
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Throughout the ecosystem of sport, women have been and continue to be underrepresented at all levels compared to men. The capacity of community-level sport is heavily reliant on the many non-player roles inclu...

    Authors: R Eime, M Charity, B. C Foley, J Fowlie and L. J Reece
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. One potential reason for disparate outcomes of exercise for Achilles tendinopathy is poor knowledge about whether exercise parameters (i.e. different exercise doses) influence outcome. Whether parameters that ...

    Authors: Fatmah Hasani, Terry Haines, Shannon E. Munteanu, Peter Schoch, Bill Vicenzino and Peter Malliaras
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. We assessed the effects of gender, in association with a four-week small-sided games (SSGs) training program, during Ramadan intermitting fasting (RIF) on changes in psychometric and physiological markers in p...

    Authors: Seifeddine Brini, Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman, Cain C. T. Clark, Sghaeir Zouita, Anthony C. Hackney, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Urs Granacher and Hassane Zouhal
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. A special improvement in pulmonary function is found in swimmers. In clinical testing the airway reactivity is observed at certain exercise intensity and target ventilation. However, in highly trained swimmers...

    Authors: Marja Päivinen, Kari Keskinen and Heikki Tikkanen
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. The technical and tactical diagnosis of table tennis is extremely important in the preparation for competition which is complicated by an apparent nonlinear relationship between athletes’ performance and their...

    Authors: Wenwen Huang, Miaomiao Lu, Yuxuan Zeng, Mengyue Hu and Yi Xiao
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:54
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Basketball is the most popular sport in Lebanon. Adequate nutrition has been established to be a key component of optimal athletic performance, recovery from exercise and exercise-induced injury and documented...

    Authors: Jocelyne Matar Boumosleh, Catherine el Hage and Antoine Farhat
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Surfing is a popular sport in Australia, accounting for nearly 10% of the population. External auditory exostosis (EAE), also referred to as surfer’s ear, is recognized as a potentially serious complication of...

    Authors: Vini Simas, Wayne Hing, Evelyne Rathbone, Rodney Pope and Mike Climstein
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. High levels of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) induce apoptosis and pro-inflammatory effects for primary degeneration of tendon and development of tendinopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate...

    Authors: Lucas Rafael Lopes, Vitor Almeida Ribeiro de Miranda, João Antonio Matheus Guimarães, Gabriel Garcez de Araujo Souza, Victor Soares Wainchtock, João Alves Grangeiro Neto, Rodrigo de Araújo Goes and Jamila Alessandra Perini
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The aim of this study was to analyze the consumption of sports supplements (SS) in competitive level fencers and compare differences based on sex and competitive level (international and national).

    Authors: Fernando Mata, Raúl Domínguez, Álvaro López-Samanes, Ángela Sánchez-Gómez, Pablo Jodra and Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver
    Citation: BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 2021 13:50
    Content type: Research Published on:
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BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation

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